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Letters .Patent No. 76,175, dated M'arcli, 31, 1358.

IMPROVEMENT INVWARMING GARS ON RAILWAYS.

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TO ALL WHONI IT MAY CO-.YCERBE Be'it known that I, GEORGE W. EDDY, of Waterford, in the county of Saratoga, and State of New York, have invented certain new and u'sefnl Improvements in Warming Cars on Railways; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereot`, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, nua-king part of this specification, and to the letters'of reference marked thereon, like letters indicating like parts wherever they occur.

To enable -others skilled in the art to construct and use my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

My invention consists, first, in the application of steam to railway-cars, for the purpose of heating them, and thereby' dispensing with the use of stoves or furnaces in the cars; it further consists in a peculiar construction and arrangement of devices for applying the steam to the cars, as will be hereinafter more fully explained.

Figure 1 represents a'transverse section of a portion of two cars, said section being taken on the line a: x of tig. 2. i

Figure 2 is a vertical section ofthe same,ltaken on the line z z of tig. 1=

Figures 3 and 4 represent certain portions in detail. Y

It has hitherto been customary to warm cars by means of one or more stoves or furnaces, placed lin 'each car, but this plan is objectionable for sevcrallreasons. In the first place, the heat is very uncvenly distributed-.- that portion of the car near the stoves being unduly heated, while other portions more remote are frequently too cold; fsecond, the heat thus produced, ascends to and exists principally in the upper portion ofthe car,whi1e the lower portion is left uncomfortably cool, and thereby injuring the health, ,aswell as rendering the cars uncomfortable to the occupants; thirdly, this mode of heating do'es not require the removal ot' any seats, as in the case of stoves; and lastly, in case of accident, the car is liable to be set on fire by the upsetting or breaking of the' stoves, thus endangering the lives ofthe passengers.

To obviate these ditiicultics is the object of my present invention, and in order to accomplish this object, I

propose to heat theicars by 'means of steam conveyed thereto, and distributed therein in pipes cr other suitable appliances. V

Thesteaui to he used for this purpose, I prefer to take from the euhaust steam of the engine, after it has been used as a motor, so as to econcuiizc the use of the steam and fuel; but it may betaken direct from the boiler of the engine, or from a separate generator, located on the engine, the tender, or in the baggage-car, or4

on a separate car made for the purpose, and thence conveyed to each and all ofthe other cars in the train;'or, ifpreferred, each car maybe provided with a separate generator, although this last, I do not consider so good a plan. In my plan, while using the waste-steam'vfor the general purposel of heating the cars, I propose to so arrange the pipes that steam may also be taken direct from the boilery or other generator, at will, to warm the cars when the engine is not running. l

There are obviously many plans by which the steam may bevconveyed fromthe engine into the cars, and there used t'or the desired purpose, but I prefer the plan illustrated in the acco.ripanyingl drawings, which I will now proceed to describe.

'lhe cars A may be constructed in the usual forni, and 'at one end, under the platform B, where it will be out ofthe way, I start a metallicpipe, P, which extends back under the car, until it reaches a point even with the inner wall of'` the end of the car, when it is curved upward, extending through the bottom of the same, and

from thence is extended along the side ofthe car to the opposite end, where it is passed down through the door, and then along under the platform, the saine as at the front end, and as represented in fig. 2. To this pipe, P, directly under each seat, I connect a U-shaped pipo, C, as represented in lig. 1, the position` of theseat being indicated in red, in a single instancepin iigs. 1 and 2. `his pipe C is conncctcd at both ends to the main pipe P, so that the steam. or a portion of it, may enter at one end from the pipe P, and iiowing thence around through the pipe C, return througlrthe opposite ond to thc main pipe P, as indicated hy the arrows in black in fig. 1. While this is taking place, a portieri of thc steam in pipe P passes, by this pipe, C, as indicated` by the red arrows, and flows along to thenext seat, where another portion oi' it enters the pipe C, under that seat, and so on, successively until it has passed entirely through the car.

In order to cause the steam to pursue this course, I-locate in the pipe P, at a point between the ends of the bent pipe C, a check or valve, er, as represented in figs. 1 and 4, by which its flow may be regulated, and thus throw more or less of the steam from the mainv pipe into the curved pipes, as may be necessary to render the heat uniformhroughout the car.

`Instead of a check er valve located as described, at eacli auiiiliary pipe, there may be used a lsingle valve, located at the rear cnd of the'car in the main pipe. By closing this vulve, after 'the pipe P has become lilled with steam, the heat will he communicated, alter a brief` interval, to the pipes C, more or less, and by occasionally opening the valve at the cud of vthe main pipe, to admit n. fresh supply of steam, the heut muy be itept up, er tempered as desired. lt is obvious that the valve, instead ot' being located at thc rear end of the main pipe in each car, may be locatedat the rear cud el' the pipe in the rear car, and operate in the same manner, but ns each car may at different times be placed at the rear of the train, it is necessary that each should be provided with a. valve.

As represented in lig. l, there are two sets or series ot' pipes l) and C, there being'one on each side of the car.

In placing these pipes in the car, I prefer to raise them from four to six inches from the door, so as not to interfere with the necessary sweeping or cleaning ci the enr, and I also arrange the pipe P in a slightly inclined position,'so that the water which may accumulate therein by condensation, will flow to the lower end, and there escupe, as hereinafter explained. I also arrange the pipes C, so that their cuter portion farthest from the pipe l?, will be the highest, so that all water formed therein shall flow buck into-the pipe P, and thence escape.

In order to heat aseries of cars in this way, it is obvious that the pipes P in each car must be connected te those of the adjoining cars; and this I do, by means of the flexible tubes E, as represented in figs. 1 and 2. These tubes should he of suliieient size and strength to convey the proper quantity of steam, and should be connected to the pipes with sutlicent force te prevent their being casually detached, but not so as to prevent their being detached from the pipes P, in case the car should, by any means, become loosened or uncoupled from the others. If made of rubber, the tubes E may be crowded on to the ends of the pipes l? with suHcient force 'to hold them iu place, and still permit their being removed, when desired. In practico, however, and for the purpose of aliording a more speedy means of connecting and disconnecting the tubes and pipes, a. metal coupling may be used, care being taken to have it so arranged that it shall yield and become uncoupled whenever the cars are detached, and before sulllcient strain has been brought on the tubes E to injure them.

In order to permit the escape of' the drip or water formed in the pipes, I insert a-minute tube, c, in thei Y under side ofthe tube E,'as represented in section in Iig. `It is obvious, however, that this may be omitted, and an orifice provided in the lower part-ot` the pipe P for the purpose, or, that a cock may be inserted in the lpipe l) instead, and thus opened or closed at pleasure;

It is also obvious that instead of locating the pipes as above described, they may be placed directly on the door, and made to pass directly through the car, or to have later-al branches pass along Ain front of cach seat, under the feet of the passengers, as may be preferred. In such cases, itmay be necessary to 'place slats over the pipes, as theymight be too het for the feet to rest on; or, there may be formed in the door ofthe car a recess, for the pipes to lie in; but, as previously stated, the plan shown in the drawings is preferred,as best answering the desired purpose.

In using the exhaust steam, the apparatus should be so arranged that more or less of the steam may be i used, as may be found necessary, and, as previously stated, provision should be .made for .taking steam direct 'from the boiler or other generator when the engine is not operating. It will ef course be understood that.the 'pipes will be left open at the rear end of the train, so as 4to permfit `the steam toescape, laft-er passing through all the cars, especially when the exhaust steam is used for the purpose.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, is

1. The combination of the main piped?, for conveying a portion et' the steam directly through the car, and the auxiliary pipes C, for conveying a portion of the steam around under eaehseat, and back into the main pipe P, when said pipes are arranged substantially as described.

2. In combination with the pipes P and C, 'I claim the checli or valve a, arranged ,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4GEO. W. EDDY.

Witnesses:

. B. M'UNN, P. T. DODGE. 

